BaseIncomplete

CWE-294Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Category: auth

Description

A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes). Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.

Common consequences· 1

  • Access Control — Gain Privileges or Assume Identity
    Messages sent with a capture-relay attack allow access to resources which are not otherwise accessible without proper authentication.

Potential mitigations· 2

  • [Architecture and Design]Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
  • [Architecture and Design]Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.

Related CAPEC attack patterns· 10

CAPEC-102CAPEC-509CAPEC-555CAPEC-561CAPEC-60CAPEC-644CAPEC-645CAPEC-652CAPEC-701CAPEC-94

References

  1. https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/294.html

Exploits (incoming)10

TypeTargetConfidenceTier
AttackPatternUse of Known Kerberos Credentialscapec-652100%live
AttackPatternWindows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentialscapec-561100%live
AttackPatternKerberoastingcapec-509100%live
AttackPatternAdversary in the Middle (AiTM)capec-94100%live
AttackPatternUse of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)capec-644100%live
AttackPatternBrowser in the Middle (BiTM)capec-701100%live
AttackPatternUse of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)capec-645100%live
AttackPatternReusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)capec-60100%live
AttackPatternRemote Services with Stolen Credentialscapec-555100%live
AttackPatternSession Sidejackingcapec-102100%live

(incoming)15

TypeTargetConfidenceTier
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-13777cve-2025-137770%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-26201cve-2025-262010%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-30201cve-2025-302010%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-36593cve-2025-365930%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-46815cve-2025-468150%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-49752cve-2025-497520%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-54810cve-2025-548100%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-59023cve-2025-590230%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-65552cve-2025-655520%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-67135cve-2025-671350%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2026-28787cve-2026-287870%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2026-30789cve-2026-307890%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2026-32987cve-2026-329870%live
VulnerabilityCVE-2026-42602cve-2026-426020%live
KEVEntryMicrosoft Office Outlook Privilege Escalation Vulnerabilitykev-cve-2023-233970%live

Related by meaning· 6

Nearest entities by semantic similarity across the cs-graph corpus.

CWE
Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
CWE
Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness
CWE
Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
CWE
Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm
CWE
Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name
CWE
Reflection Attack in an Authentication Protocol
Sourced from MITRE CWE 4.20. Curated for EU compliance use cases by Adam Lundqvist, Founder at SQUR.