CVE-2026-40342CRITICAL 9.9EPSS p48.0%

CVE-2026-40342CVE-2026-40342

Description

Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.

Scoring

CVSS 3.19.9 (CRITICAL)
VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS0.69% probability of exploitation · percentile 48.0% · 2026-06-18T12:00:27Z
Published2026-04-17
Last modified2026-04-27

Underlying weaknesses· 4

CWE-22CWE-73CWE-94CWE-427

References

  1. https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14
  2. https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7
  3. https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4
  4. https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257

4

TypeTargetConfidenceTier
WeaknessImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')cwe-220%live
WeaknessUncontrolled Search Path Elementcwe-4270%live
WeaknessExternal Control of File Name or Pathcwe-730%live
WeaknessImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')cwe-940%live

Related by meaning· 6

Nearest entities by semantic similarity across the cs-graph corpus.

CVE
CVE-2026-28224
CVE
CVE-2025-24975
CVE
CVE-2026-27890
CVE
CVE-2026-40370
CVE
CVE-2026-44331
CVE
CVE-2025-14179
Sourced from NVD + FIRST.org EPSS. Curated for EU compliance use cases by Adam Lundqvist, Founder at SQUR.